In 2008, for the first time in history, the global population became predominantly urban. While much research has focused on the impacts of increasing urbanisation, we have very little knowledge of the implications of these changes for rural landscapes. This book examines broad and local-scale patterns of demographic change in rural landscapes, identifying some of the drivers of these changes using local case studies, and outlining the implications of changes for society and the environment. The book adopts an interdisciplinary approach by explicitly linking demographic change with environmental, land-use, social and economic factors.