In this last century before Jesus Christ, the Gaul was once more independent and found himself implicated in the process of the expansion of Roman power. The Gaul became a purely political stake between the triumvirs Pompey, Crassus and Caesar, as they attempted to snatch at the spoils of a dying Republic. The Gaul was then a victim of foreign stakes and would enter in a dramatic manner into the political strategy of Julius Caesar. Text in French AUTHOR: Frederic Bey is a recognized specialist of Roman history and the First Empire. He is the author of numerous articles in the magazines Histoires de France and VaeVictis and of a book on Alesia in the collection Men and Battles. Colour illustrations