Written for professionals and students in the fields of public health and nutrition, this reference addresses descriptive epidemiology of physical activity (PA) and presents an overview of PA in primary and secondary prevention of chronic diseases. It describes public health approaches to increase PA in communities, work sites, and schools, with a focus on environmental supports and policy initiatives. Chapters cover historical contributions to PA and public health; physiological adaptations to regular PA; PA in chronic disease conditions and prevention; PA and injury prevention; PA over the life span; and PA promotion in work sites and schools, among other topics.